Harmful Foods Dogs Should Avoid Eating in the US 2025

Foods That Can Cause Harm to Dogs

Grapes and Raisins: Potential Kidney Issues

Grapes and raisins have been linked to kidney problems in dogs. Even small amounts may cause adverse effects. The exact toxic mechanism is not fully understood, so it is best to avoid giving grapes or raisins to dogs and keep products containing them out of reach. Symptoms such as vomiting, lethargy, and decreased appetite may indicate the need for veterinary care.

Xylitol: An Artificial Sweetener to Watch For

Xylitol is an artificial sweetener found in some sugar-free items like gum, candy, peanut butter, and baked goods. Ingestion by dogs can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar and may lead to seizures or liver issues. Since xylitol is odorless and tasteless, dogs might consume it unknowingly. It is important to check labels carefully before offering human foods. If ingestion is suspected, consulting a veterinarian promptly is advised.

Chocolate: Contains Compounds That Can Be Harmful

Chocolate contains theobromine and caffeine, which can be harmful to dogs. Darker chocolates, such as baker’s chocolate or cocoa powder, generally have higher levels of these compounds than milk chocolate. Eating chocolate can cause symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and seizures, depending on the amount and the dog’s size. Seeking veterinary advice promptly is recommended if chocolate ingestion occurs.

Onions and Garlic: Effects on Red Blood Cells

Onions and garlic, whether raw, cooked, powdered, or as seasoning, contain compounds that may damage dogs’ red blood cells. This can lead to a condition called hemolytic anemia, characterized by fatigue and weakness. Small amounts relative to body weight can be harmful. Avoid feeding onions and garlic in any form to dogs.

Macadamia Nuts: Possible Neurological Effects

Macadamia nuts have been associated with neurological symptoms in dogs, including weakness, tremors, vomiting, and elevated body temperature. The toxic dose can vary, so it is best to prevent any exposure to macadamia nuts.

Considerations When Feeding Your Dog

Moderation Is Key with Safe Human Foods

Some human foods, like blueberries, contain antioxidants and vitamins that may be beneficial to dogs. However, these should only make up a small portion of the dog’s diet—typically less than 10% of daily calories. Excessive feeding of human foods can cause digestive issues.

Peanut Butter Should Be Checked for Xylitol

Peanut butter can be a treat for dogs if it does not contain xylitol. Since some commercial brands may include xylitol, reading ingredient labels carefully is important. Offering small amounts of xylitol-free peanut butter can be a safe option.

Selecting Quality Dog Treats

For balanced nutrition, consider dog treats formulated to meet standards such as those established by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Look for labels indicating compliance with these standards. Avoid treats from sources where ingredient quality or safety is uncertain.

Steps to Take If Your Dog Eats a Harmful Food

Veterinary evaluation is advised if a dog consumes potentially toxic foods. Possible interventions include:

• Inducing Vomiting: If performed soon after ingestion (generally within two hours) to reduce toxin absorption.
• Activated Charcoal: May be used to bind toxins and decrease absorption.
• Supportive Care: Such as intravenous fluids, medications to manage symptoms, and monitoring of organ function.

Contacting a veterinarian or an animal poison control center promptly is recommended when ingestion of grapes, raisins, chocolate, onions, garlic, macadamia nuts, or xylitol-containing products is suspected.

Summary

Awareness of foods that may be harmful to dogs can assist in keeping your pet safe. Key points include:

• Avoid feeding grapes and raisins due to potential kidney concerns.
• Check for xylitol in food products and avoid items containing it.
• Keep all types of chocolate away from dogs.
• Do not feed onions or garlic in any form.
• Prevent access to macadamia nuts.
• Feed safe human foods like blueberries only in moderation.
• Choose dog treats that meet recognized nutritional standards.
• Seek veterinary advice promptly if your dog consumes a potentially harmful food.

Following these guidelines can support your dog’s health and well-being.

Sources

• The Ultimate Guide to What Dogs Can’t Eat - PetPlace
• Understanding Foods Toxic to Dogs and What to Do If Your Dog Ingests Them - Pawspital Animal Hospital

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